Covers fundamental aspects like influence of size and dispersion to help readers develop efficient, multi-functional, and eco-friendly flame-retardant polymer composites for a wide range of applications Discusses emerging 2D nanomaterials, including MXenes, graphitic carbon nitride, boron nitride, and black phosphorus Details theory, modeling, and simulation

This book covers the results of the 11th and 12th Tera?op Workshop and continued a series initiated by NEC and the HLRS in 2004. As part of the Tera?op Workbench, it has become a meeting platform for scientists, application developers, international experts and hardware designers to discuss the current state and future directions of supercomputing with the aim of achieving the highest sustained application perf- mance. The Tera?op Workbench Project is a collaboration between the High Perf- mance Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS) and NEC Deutschland GmbH (NEC HPCE) to support users to achieve their research goals using High Performance Computing. The ?rst stage of the Tera?op Workbench project (2004–2008) c- centrated on user’s applications and their optimization for the 72-node NEC SX-8 installation at HLRS. During this stage, numerous individual codes, developed and maintained by researchers or commercial organizations, have been analyzed and - timized. Several of the codes have shown the ability to outreach the TFlop/s thre- old of sustained performance. This created the possibility for new science and a deeper understanding of the underlying physics.

Flame Retardant Polymeric Materials provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the field, from basic properties and mechanisms of action for flame retardants to emerging methods, materials, and industrial applications. With over 120 black and white images, Hu and Wang cover the latest in the development of novel polymer nanocomposites such as graphene, CNTs, LDHs, POSS, and techniques such as layer-by-layer assembly. These expert authors also include discussions on the important flame-retardant systems based on phosphorus, silicon, and boron. In doing so, they highlight the use of flame-retardants in varying industries, for example, construction, textiles, and aviation. This comprehensive handbook is an essential read for students and academics of physics with a particular interest in flame-retardant materials. It would also be recommended for professionals within the materials science and engineering fields.

Applied Engineering Failure Analysis: Theory and Practice provides a point of reference for engineering failure analysis (EFA) cases, presenting a compilation of case studies covering a 35-year period, from the 1970s to 2012. This period spans the era from the time when slide rules were used routinely for engineering calculations, and when hard-copy photographs taken by film cameras were pasted onto typewritten sheets to make reports, to the present time when all these functions have become much less onerous through computer assistance. The cases are drawn from such diverse fields as mechanical engineering, metallurgy, mining, civil/structural engineering, electrical power systems, and radiation damage; the last two topics are quite scarce in current publications. It includes theoretical content that deals with useful topics in basic theory, material properties, failure mechanisms, EFA methodology, and applications. It provides high-quality illustrations throughout, which greatly helps to promote the understanding of the failure characteristics described. This book offers an integrated approach that serves as a useful first reference in the above topics, for undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as for practicing engineers. The book provides a hands-on approach to EFA, which helps the user to develop an understanding of potential failure situations, to explore the consequences, and to better understand how to solve similar problems; it also helps users to develop their own techniques for most other engineering failure problems. The authors include a section on technical report writing, which will assist failure investigators in getting their findings across. They also present simple engineering calculations that may serve as illustrative examples, and typical problems and solutions are included at the end of each chapter.

Flame Retardant Polymeric Materials provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the field, from basic properties and mechanisms of action for flame retardants to emerging methods, materials, and industrial applications. With over 120 black and white images, Hu and Wang cover the latest in the development of novel polymer nanocomposites such as graphene, CNTs, LDHs, POSS, and techniques such as layer-by-layer assembly. These expert authors also include discussions on the important flame-retardant systems based on phosphorus, silicon, and boron. In doing so, they highlight the use of flame-retardants in varying industries, for example, construction, textiles, and aviation. This comprehensive handbook is an essential read for students and academics of physics with a particular interest in flame-retardant materials. It would also be recommended for professionals within the materials science and engineering fields.

Applied Engineering Failure Analysis: Theory and Practice provides a point of reference for engineering failure analysis (EFA) cases, presenting a compilation of case studies covering a 35-year period, from the 1970s to 2012. This period spans the era from the time when slide rules were used routinely for engineering calculations, and when hard-copy photographs taken by film cameras were pasted onto typewritten sheets to make reports, to the present time when all these functions have become much less onerous through computer assistance. The cases are drawn from such diverse fields as mechanical engineering, metallurgy, mining, civil/structural engineering, electrical power systems, and radiation damage; the last two topics are quite scarce in current publications. It includes theoretical content that deals with useful topics in basic theory, material properties, failure mechanisms, EFA methodology, and applications. It provides high-quality illustrations throughout, which greatly helps to promote the understanding of the failure characteristics described. This book offers an integrated approach that serves as a useful first reference in the above topics, for undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as for practicing engineers. The book provides a hands-on approach to EFA, which helps the user to develop an understanding of potential failure situations, to explore the consequences, and to better understand how to solve similar problems; it also helps users to develop their own techniques for most other engineering failure problems. The authors include a section on technical report writing, which will assist failure investigators in getting their findings across. They also present simple engineering calculations that may serve as illustrative examples, and typical problems and solutions are included at the end of each chapter.

Bio-Based Flame Retardants for Polymeric Materials provides a comprehensive overview of flame retardants derived directly and indirectly from plant sources, drawing on cutting-edge research and covering preparation methods, testing and evaluation techniques, enhanced properties, and end applications. Chapters introduce bio-based materials in the context of additives for flame retardancy, explaining fundamentals and testing methods and analyzing synthetic approaches and the potential advantages of pursuing a bio-based approach. This is followed by detailed coverage of bio-based retardants, with each chapter covering a specific source and guiding the reader systematically through preparation techniques, evaluation methods, properties and applications. Throughout the book, the latest progress in the field is critically reviewed, and there is a continual emphasis on novel approaches to achieve enhanced properties and performant materials. This is an essential guide for all those with an interest in innovative, sustainable flame retardant additives for polymeric materials, including researchers, scientists, advanced students, and more.

Foundations of the Information and Knowledge Professions covers topics deemed essential for students at the graduate and undergraduate level who are seeking to join the profession. The authors cover key developments from the Library of Alexandria through contemporary libraries and digital technological platforms. The advent of the Internet and the Web removed traditional geographical boundaries and allowed individuals access to information created in different languages, different cultures, and different political views. The digital transformation of business and commerce brought about fundamental societal changes and revolutionized how people access, use, manipulate, and interact with information. The authors also discuss issues related to privacy, security, and intellectual property, as well as social issues, including diversity, equity, and inclusion, codes of ethics, and codes of conduct.

The book presents the state of the art in high performance computing and simulation on modern supercomputer architectures. It covers trends in hardware and software development in general and specifically the future of vector-based systems and heterogeneous architectures. The application contributions cover computational fluid dynamics, material science, medical applications and climate research. Innovative fields like coupled multi-physics or multi-scale simulations are presented. All papers were chosen from presentations given at the 13th Teraflop Workshop held in October 2010 at Tohoku University, Japan.

Making polymers into nanoparticles as an essential step in polymer solution processing is of key importance for many applications of polymers. This book seeks to uncover the basics and recent advances in polymer nanoparticles, including polymer synthesis, self-assembly, properties, and applications. It encompasses the various preparation methods of polymer nanoparticles, broadly ranged from single chain collapse to polymerization methods and solution self-assembly. It showcases a wide range of advanced applications of polymer nanoparticles in several fields that include pharmaceutics (drug and nucleotide delivery), biomedicals (bioimaging, diagnosis, and therapeutics), energy (batteries and solar cells) and environmental (catalysis and water purification).This book is enriched with a comprehensive range of content, incorporating synthesis, properties and applications in polymeric nanoparticles that will serve as a suitable beginner guide and survey book in polymer nanomaterials, as well as a useful tool for graduate students, scientists and practitioners in related fields or industries such as chemistry, materials science and engineering, nanomaterials, energy storage and conversion devices, and biomedicine.

This volume consists of papers presented at the 2014 International Symposium on Systems and Computer Technology (ISSCT 2014, Shanghai, China, 15-17 November 2014). The demand for systems and informatics have been constantly increasing, as more and more computer applications have been built. Great efforts have been made to improve the state of the art in the technologies for computer-based applications. ISSCT 2014 aimed to advance these technologies to a new level and to encourage development of computer-based applications to be more reliable and efficient. The submissions, from all parts of the world, cover a variety of areas, including Control and Automation Systems, Power and Energy Systems, Intelligent Systems, Computer Systems and Applications, Communications and Networking, Image, Video, and Signal Processing, Data Engineering and Data Mining, and Software Engineering.

Dextromethorphan (DM) is an over-the-counter antitussive drug that is also used as one of the active ingredients in many cold and cough medicines. In recent years, DM has also been used in other medicines, ranging from pain relief (as either the primary analgesic or an opioid potentiater) over psychological applications to the treatment of addiction. Pharmacodynamics of DM have been gradually discovered with the elucidation of the following properties, including uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, 1 and 2 sigma receptor agonists, 3 4-nACh receptor antagonist, and others. DM is transformed to its primary and active metabolite dextrorphan predominantly via the metabolic enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6. Hence, DM is the first-choice substrate for CYP2D6 phenotyping because it is relatively safe and possesses many favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics for a marker substrate. This book aims to meet the needs of basic molecular biochemists, pharmacologists, pharmacists, medical students, clinical practitioners and scientists, as well as broad readers who wish to understand the pharmacology of DM and its clinical uses. The contributing authors are basic scientists, pharmacologists, pharmacists and on-service physicians in neuro-psychiatric, anesthesiologic and hepatologic fields from the Czech Republic, Austria, the United States, and China. As a collection of masterpieces by well-known experts, this book presents current research in the study of DM, focusing on its pharmacology, clinical uses and health effects. Topics discussed in this compilation include the new pharmacological application of DM; pharmacogenetics of DM; pharmacodynamics and toxicological profiles of DM; long cutaneous block by lidocaine and DM; toxic and beneficial effects of DM on the central nervous system; pharmacokinetics of DM and drug interactions; DM as a probe drug for CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 phynotyping; evaluation of CYP2D6 in DM-herb interactions; and clinical uses and health effects of DM.

The book presents selected papers at the 8th Conference on Sound and Music Technology (CSMT) held in November 2020, at Taiyuan, Shanxi, China. CSMT is a multidisciplinary conference focusing on audio processing and understanding with bias on music and acoustic signals. The primary aim of the conference is to promote the collaboration between art society and technical society in China. In this proceeding, the paper included covers a wide range topic from speech, signal processing, music understanding, machine learning and signal processing for advanced medical diagnosis and treatment applications; which demonstrates the target of CSMT merging arts and science research together.its content caters to scholars, researchers, engineers, artists, and education practitioners not only from academia but also industry, who are interested in audio/acoustics analysis signal processing, music, sound, and artificial intelligence (AI).

The book presents selected papers at the 8th Conference on Sound and Music Technology (CSMT) held in November 2020, at Taiyuan, Shanxi, China. CSMT is a multidisciplinary conference focusing on audio processing and understanding with bias on music and acoustic signals. The primary aim of the conference is to promote the collaboration between art society and technical society in China. In this proceeding, the paper included covers a wide range topic from speech, signal processing, music understanding, machine learning and signal processing for advanced medical diagnosis and treatment applications; which demonstrates the target of CSMT merging arts and science research together.its content caters to scholars, researchers, engineers, artists, and education practitioners not only from academia but also industry, who are interested in audio/acoustics analysis signal processing, music, sound, and artificial intelligence (AI).

This book examines innovation in the fields of computer engineering and networking, and explores important, state-of-the-art developments in areas such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, information analysis and communication. It gathers papers presented at the 8th International Conference on Computer Engineering and Networks (CENet2018), held in Shanghai, China on August 17-19, 2018. * Explores emerging topics in computer engineering and networking, along with their applications * Discusses how to improve productivity by using the latest advanced technologies * Examines innovation in the fields of computer engineering and networking

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Applications, WISA 2018, held in Taiyuan, China, in September 2018. The 29 full papers presented together with 16 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 103 submissions. The papers cover topics such as machine learning and data mining; cloud computing and big data; information retrieval; natural language processing; data privacy and security; knowledge graphs and social networks; query processing; and recommendations.

The book presents the state of the art in high performance computing and simulation on modern supercomputer architectures. It covers trends in hardware and software development in general and specifically the future of vector-based systems and heterogeneous architectures. The application contributions cover computational fluid dynamics, material science, medical applications and climate research. Innovative fields like coupled multi-physics or multi-scale simulations are presented. All papers were chosen from presentations given at the 13th Teraflop Workshop held in October 2010 at Tohoku University, Japan.

This book covers the results of the 11th and 12th Tera?op Workshop and continued a series initiated by NEC and the HLRS in 2004. As part of the Tera?op Workbench, it has become a meeting platform for scientists, application developers, international experts and hardware designers to discuss the current state and future directions of supercomputing with the aim of achieving the highest sustained application perf- mance. The Tera?op Workbench Project is a collaboration between the High Perf- mance Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS) and NEC Deutschland GmbH (NEC HPCE) to support users to achieve their research goals using High Performance Computing. The ?rst stage of the Tera?op Workbench project (2004-2008) c- centrated on user's applications and their optimization for the 72-node NEC SX-8 installation at HLRS. During this stage, numerous individual codes, developed and maintained by researchers or commercial organizations, have been analyzed and - timized. Several of the codes have shown the ability to outreach the TFlop/s thre- old of sustained performance. This created the possibility for new science and a deeper understanding of the underlying physics.

Modern freight forwarding companies attempt to cooperate with each other to increase their efficiency. Xin Wang studies the new operational transportation planning problems that arise in the context of cooperation in both static and dynamic scenarios. To achieve the cost-savings embedded in cooperation, novel planning approaches that can help forwarders obtaining high-quality solutions are proposed. Computational studies show considerable benefits that can be achieved through cooperation.

This book constitutes the refereed conference proceedings of the 12th International Symposium, W2GIS 2013, held in Banff, Canada, in April 2013. The 11 revised full papers and 5 short papers presented were carefully selected from 28 submissions. The program covers a wide range of topics including Spatial Semantics and Databases, Location-based Services and Applications, Trajectory Representation and Sensor Web, Spatial Analysis and Systems and Map Generation and Modeling.

The LNCS journal Transactions on Rough Sets is devoted to the entire spectrum of rough sets related issues, from logical and mathematical foundations, through all aspects of rough set theory and its applications, such as data mining, knowledge discovery, and intelligent information processing, to relations between rough sets and other approaches to uncertainty, vagueness, and incompleteness, such as fuzzy sets and theory of evidence. Volume XVI includes extensions of papers from the Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology Conference which was held in Banff, Canada, in October 2011. In addition this book contains a long paper based on a PhD thesis. The papers cover both theory and applications of rough, fuzzy and near sets. They offer a continuation of a number of research streams which have grown out of the seminal work by Zdzislaw Pawlak during the first decade of the 21st century.

The book presents the state of the art in high performance computing and simulation on modern supercomputer architectures. It covers trends in hardware and software development in general and specifically the future of high performance systems and heterogeneous architectures. The application contributions cover computational fluid dynamics, material science, medical applications and climate research. Innovative fields like coupled multi-physics or multi-scale simulations are presented. All papers were chosen from presentations given at the 14th Teraflop Workshop held in December 2011 at HLRS, University of Stuttgart, Germany and the Workshop on Sustained Simulation Performance at Tohoku University in March 2012.

The total worldwide base of installed wind energy peak capacity reached 197 GW by the end of 2010. Wind turbine systems are being installed often in mountains and cold weather regions, due to their high wind energy potential. Harsh cold weather climates affect wind turbine performance. Ice accretion and irregular shedding during turbine operation lead to load imbalances, vibration and structural failures, often causing the turbine to shut off. This book presents an experimental investigation including three important fundamental aspects: energy losses of wind energy while a wind turbine is operating under icing conditions; aerodynamic characteristics of an airfoil during a simulated icing event and heat transfer characteristics of the airfoil with and without liquid water content at varying angles of attack. The drag, lift and moment are measured by a force balance system to obtain the aerodynamics of an iced airfoil. The book also quantifies the power loss under various icing conditions. The data obtained can be used to validate numerical models and predict heat transfer characteristics when wind turbines operate in cold climate regions.

This brief proposes that the keys to internet cross-layer optimization are the development of non-standard implicit primal-dual solvers for underlying optimization problems, and design of jointly optimal network protocols as decomposition of such solvers. Relying on this novel design-space oriented approach, the author develops joint TCP congestion control and wireless-link scheduling schemes for wireless applications over Internet with centralized and distributed (multi-hop) wireless links. Different from the existing solutions, the proposed schemes can be asynchronously implemented without message passing among network nodes; thus they are readily deployed with current infrastructure. Moreover, global convergence/stability of the proposed schemes to optimal equilibrium is established using the Lyapunov method in the network fluid model. Simulation results are provided to evaluate the proposed schemes in practical networks.